Course contents document · Writing & Media Electives · generated 2026-08-08

Speech, Debate & Oral Argument

16 core topics + 55 prerequisite topics taught as needed · approximately 22 hours of instruction including spaced review

How the course runs

An adaptive diagnostic (up to 40 questions) places the student on the course's knowledge graph - topics already known are credited, and instruction begins exactly at the learning frontier. Every topic is taught with a worked-example lesson and auto-graded practice; a topic is mastered at 75%+ and then maintained through spaced reviews on an expanding schedule. Mixed checks follow every 6 lessons; each unit ends with a 12-item quiz, and course-wide assessments appear at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% mastery. Prerequisite gaps below the course are detected and taught rather than skipped, so completion certifies the whole tower, not just the top.

Core curriculum

The Rhetorical Situation · 8 topics

Exigence: What Made This Necessary [H] Identify the pressure that called a text into being, and separate it from the occasion.
The Audience Under the Audience [H] Tell apart who a text is addressed to, who it is written for, and who is meant to overhear it.
The Speaker Is a Construction [H] Describe the version of a writer that a text builds, and why that version fits the situation.
Stated Purpose and Working Purpose [H] Separate what a text says it is doing from the job it is actually built to do.
What the Writer Was Not Free to Say [H] Find the limits a situation places on a text, and read what those limits shaped.
Kairos: Why Now [H] Judge how a text's timing changes what it can accomplish.
The Shape the Medium Demands [H] Explain how the form a text is delivered in changes what it can and cannot do.
When a Text Changes Situations [H] Track what happens to a text's meaning when it is carried out of the situation it was written for.

Speech, Debate & Oral Argument · 8 topics

Meeting the Argument [H] Decide whether a reply actually answered the argument in front of it, or landed somewhere beside it.
If It Ends Even [H] Say which side has to prove what, and what follows when nobody has proved it.
The Sentence That Decides [H] Find the term whose meaning settles the dispute, and see what each proposed meaning would decide.
What the Question Is Doing [H] Read a question in a cross-examination or from a bench as a move, and name what it is trying to get.
When Both Sides Are Right [H] Compare two proved harms out loud, using likelihood, size, timing and whether the thing can be undone.
Giving Ground on Purpose [H] Recognize a concession as a move, and say what it costs and what it buys.
Evidence, and Labels on Evidence [H] Separate what a source says from what a speaker says it says, and name the move when the two differ.
Built for the Ear [H] Explain what a spoken argument does differently because a listener cannot go back.

Prerequisite material - taught automatically when the diagnostic finds gaps

Phonics: Letters, Sounds & Short Vowels · 1 topics
Capital and Lowercase Letters Match every capital letter to its lowercase partner.
High-Frequency Words & Sight Vocabulary · 2 topics
Recognizing High-Frequency Words Know the most common words on sight, instantly.
High-Frequency Words in Sentences Use common words correctly inside a real sentence.
Print Concepts & Early Comprehension · 1 topics
Listening Comprehension Understand a story that is read out loud to you.
Sentence & Capitalization Basics · 4 topics
What Makes a Sentence Tell a complete sentence from a group of words.
Naming Part and Telling Part Split a sentence into who it is about and what happens.
Capital Letters and End Marks Start every sentence with a capital and end it with a mark.
Choosing the Right End Mark Use a period, question mark, or exclamation point.
Context Clues (Grades 2-3) · 5 topics
When the Sentence Just Tells You Find a word's meaning written into the sentence itself.
A Nearby Word That Means the Same Use a synonym elsewhere in the passage to unlock a word.
When a Contrast Points the Other Way Use a contrast word to work out the opposite meaning.
Working Back From Examples Use a list of examples to work out the category.
When There Is No Clue Word Work out a meaning from the whole situation.
Figurative Language & Idioms · 2 topics
Noticing When Words Are Not Literal Tell when a sentence is not meant exactly as written.
Working Out What It Really Means Say in plain words what a figure of speech is telling you.
Main Idea & Supporting Details · 6 topics
Topic or Main Idea? Tell what a text is about from what it says about it.
Finding the Main Idea Say in one sentence what a whole text is telling you.
Main Ideas That Are Not Written Down Work out the main idea when no sentence states it.
Details That Back It Up Find the fact in a text that supports a particular idea.
Writing a Summary Retell a text keeping only what matters.
Telling a Detail from the Main Idea Spot the sentence that is only a detail.
Author's Purpose & Point of View · 7 topics
Why the Author Wrote It Name what a text was built to do, not just what it is about.
The Evidence for a Purpose Point to the move in the text that proves what the writer wanted.
Who It Was Written For Work out the reader a text was aimed at, and how you can tell.
The Author's Point of View Say what the writer thinks about the subject, even when no opinion is stated.
Words That Take a Side Notice how a writer's wording steers what a reader concludes.
Facts, Judgments, and Honest Uncertainty Sort what can be checked from what is argued, and spot a writer naming their own limits.
Two Writers, One Subject Compare two texts on one subject and find the exact point where they part.
Inference, Evidence & Summarizing · 4 topics
Stated or Implied? Tell what a text says outright from what it only lets you conclude.
What One Detail Tells You Draw the conclusion a single detail supports, and stop there.
The Line That Proves It Given a claim, find the sentence in the text that actually supports it.
Which Evidence Is Strongest Choose between two relevant details by asking which one settles it.
Integrating Multiple Sources · 4 topics
What Your Sources Are Really About State the one question a set of sources is answering, precisely enough to compare them.
Where Sources Agree Find the ground two sources share before you look at where they split.
Where Sources Disagree Locate the exact sentence where two sources stop agreeing.
A Fact Fight or a Meaning Fight Tell whether two sources disagree about what happened or about what it means.
Reading in Social Studies: American History (2-4) · 3 topics
The Main Idea of a History Text Find what a history passage is really about.
Evidence in a History Text Point to the detail that actually proves a claim.
Whose Story Is Being Told Notice whose point of view a history text takes, and who is missing.
Reading in Social Studies: American History (5-6) · 3 topics
Reading a Source Like a Historian Ask who made a source, when, and what they wanted it to do.
Claims and the Evidence Under Them Separate what a history text asserts from what it shows.
When Sources Disagree Compare accounts of the same event instead of trusting one.
Sentence Types, Fragments & Run-Ons · 1 topics
Spotting a Fragment Tell when a group of words stops before it is a sentence.
Writing Strong Sentences · 2 topics
Knowing When You Have a Sentence Tell a finished sentence from a piece of one.
Saying More Than the Bare Fact Add detail that answers a question a reader would ask.
Paragraphs & Topic Sentences · 2 topics
The Sentence the Others Are About Find or choose the sentence a paragraph is built on.
Details That Actually Support Choose detail that backs the claim you made.
Opinion & Argument Writing · 5 topics
A Claim or a Fact? Tell a position someone could argue with from a fact they could check.
The Reason Under a Claim Find the sentence that says why a position holds.
Evidence That Actually Proves It Tell measured evidence from a stronger way of repeating an opinion.
Answering the Other Side Answer the strongest objection instead of talking past it.
The Shape of an Argument Name the job each sentence in an argument is doing.
Reading Fluency & Prosody · 3 topics
What the End Mark Tells Your Voice Read a line the way its end mark says to read it.
Reading in Groups, Not One Word at a Time Group the words in a line the way they belong before you read it aloud.
The Word You Lean On Choose which word to stress, and know what stressing it tells a listener.

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