Course contents document · High School · generated 2026-08-08

9th Grade English

49 core topics + 85 prerequisite topics taught as needed · approximately 41 hours of instruction including spaced review

How the course runs

An adaptive diagnostic (up to 40 questions) places the student on the course's knowledge graph - topics already known are credited, and instruction begins exactly at the learning frontier. Every topic is taught with a worked-example lesson and auto-graded practice; a topic is mastered at 75%+ and then maintained through spaced reviews on an expanding schedule. Mixed checks follow every 6 lessons; each unit ends with a 12-item quiz, and course-wide assessments appear at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% mastery. Prerequisite gaps below the course are detected and taught rather than skipped, so completion certifies the whole tower, not just the top.

Core curriculum

Close Reading & Annotation · 9 topics

Say It Straight First [H] Restate a difficult passage accurately before you interpret it.
The Weight of One Word [H] Ask why the writer chose this word and not the nearest alternative.
What the Sentence Shape Does [H] Read the structure of a sentence as part of what it means.
The Image That Carries It [H] Read a concrete detail or comparison for the abstract work it is doing.
Where the Tone Turns [H] Name a text's attitude toward its subject, and find where it changes.
What the Text Will Not Say [H] Draw a conclusion the words on the page require but never state.
The Line That Actually Proves It [H] Choose the quotation that supports your claim, not the one nearest it.
Reading With a Pencil [H] Mark a text so the second pass starts where the first one ended.
Where the Reading Stops [H] Tell a reading the text supports from one you have supplied yourself.

Characterization & Complexity · 8 topics

What a Character Does Instead of Saying [H] Read a character from conduct, from how other people behave around them, and from what nobody says out loud.
The Reason a Character Will Not Give [H] Work out what a character actually wants when the reason they offer is not the reason they have.
The Distance Between the Telling and the Told [H] Measure the distance between what a narrator claims and what the same text shows.
The Object That Does the Work [H] Read the object, gesture or image that carries what the sentence refuses to state.
Voice as Evidence [H] Use word choice, sentence shape and sentence length as evidence about the person speaking.
Set Against Each Other [H] Use one character to see another, without letting the contrast turn into a verdict.
Characters Who Do Not Add Up [H] Hold two true and incompatible things about one character at the same time instead of choosing between them.
What Changes, and What It Costs [H] Locate the turn in a character, and say what the change leaves untouched and what it costs.

Theme, Motif & Central Argument · 8 topics

Stating a Theme as a Claim [H] Write a theme as a sentence somebody could argue with, not a noun.
The Evidence a Theme Rests On [H] Support a claim about theme with the detail that would break it if removed.
Motif: What Keeps Coming Back [H] Track a repeating image or word, then say what changes between its first appearance and its last.
When an Object Starts Carrying the Meaning [H] Read a symbol by the gap between what an object does and what the text keeps it for.
The Central Argument of a Nonfiction Text [H] Name the one thing a writer wants conceded, as distinct from the subject.
Concession, Rebuttal, and What They Cost [H] Tell a granted point from a denied one, and say what the writer bought with it.
Two Readings, One Text [H] Say what a text settles, what it declines to settle, and which reading the evidence rules out.
How a Theme Gets Built [H] Follow an idea from its first appearance through the place it is complicated to its last.

Poetry: Form, Meter & Sound · 8 topics

Where the Line Stops [H] Read a line break as a decision, and say what the break is doing.
The Shape the Poem Agreed To [H] Identify a poem's form and say what obeying it costs and buys.
Counting the Beat, and What Breaks It [H] Hear a poem's metrical pattern and read the places where it departs.
Rhyme, Near Rhyme and What They Yoke [H] Read a rhyme scheme, hear a near rhyme, and say what the pairing does.
What the Sound Is Doing [H] Name a sound pattern in a line and say what it does to the reading.
The Line That Comes Back [H] Read a repeated line for what has changed around it.
The Image That Carries the Argument [H] Read a concrete detail for the claim it is making without stating it.
The Voice and What It Will Not Say [H] Identify a poem's speaker and read the gap between what is said and known.

Irony, Satire & Ambiguity · 8 topics

Verbal Irony: Words Against Meaning [H] Detect a speaker who means something other than what the words say, and name what the gap is doing.
Situational Irony: Aim Against Outcome [H] Tell an ironic outcome from a merely unfortunate one by testing it against the aim that produced it.
Dramatic Irony: What the Audience Carries [H] Track what a reader knows that a character does not, and say what the gap does to the lines that follow.
The Gap Between a Speaker and the Text [H] Measure the distance between what a speaker claims about himself and what the text puts on the page - including when the distance is zero.
Satire: Finding the Target [H] Separate what a satire pretends to be from what it wants you to think worse of.
How Satire Works on a Reader [H] Name the technique a satire is using and say what it buys that a plain complaint could not.
Is It Irony at All? [H] Decide whether a text is ironic by naming the gap, rather than by how the text makes you feel.
Ambiguity: What a Text Refuses to Settle [H] Say what a text settles, what it deliberately leaves open, and which readings its evidence rules out.

The Rhetorical Situation · 8 topics

Exigence: What Made This Necessary [H] Identify the pressure that called a text into being, and separate it from the occasion.
The Audience Under the Audience [H] Tell apart who a text is addressed to, who it is written for, and who is meant to overhear it.
The Speaker Is a Construction [H] Describe the version of a writer that a text builds, and why that version fits the situation.
Stated Purpose and Working Purpose [H] Separate what a text says it is doing from the job it is actually built to do.
What the Writer Was Not Free to Say [H] Find the limits a situation places on a text, and read what those limits shaped.
Kairos: Why Now [H] Judge how a text's timing changes what it can accomplish.
The Shape the Medium Demands [H] Explain how the form a text is delivered in changes what it can and cannot do.
When a Text Changes Situations [H] Track what happens to a text's meaning when it is carried out of the situation it was written for.

Prerequisite material - taught automatically when the diagnostic finds gaps

Phonological & Phonemic Awareness · 3 topics
Hearing Rhymes Tell when two words end with the same sound.
Hearing the First Sound Tell which sound a word starts with.
Words That Begin Alike Group words by their beginning sound.
Phonics: Letters, Sounds & Short Vowels · 1 topics
Capital and Lowercase Letters Match every capital letter to its lowercase partner.
High-Frequency Words & Sight Vocabulary · 2 topics
Recognizing High-Frequency Words Know the most common words on sight, instantly.
High-Frequency Words in Sentences Use common words correctly inside a real sentence.
Print Concepts & Early Comprehension · 3 topics
How Books and Print Work Know the parts of a book and which way print goes.
Listening Comprehension Understand a story that is read out loud to you.
What Happened First, Next, Last Put the events of a story in the order they happened.
Sentence & Capitalization Basics · 4 topics
What Makes a Sentence Tell a complete sentence from a group of words.
Naming Part and Telling Part Split a sentence into who it is about and what happens.
Capital Letters and End Marks Start every sentence with a capital and end it with a mark.
Choosing the Right End Mark Use a period, question mark, or exclamation point.
Context Clues (Grades 2-3) · 5 topics
When the Sentence Just Tells You Find a word's meaning written into the sentence itself.
A Nearby Word That Means the Same Use a synonym elsewhere in the passage to unlock a word.
When a Contrast Points the Other Way Use a contrast word to work out the opposite meaning.
Working Back From Examples Use a list of examples to work out the category.
When There Is No Clue Word Work out a meaning from the whole situation.
Figurative Language & Idioms · 6 topics
Noticing When Words Are Not Literal Tell when a sentence is not meant exactly as written.
Working Out What It Really Means Say in plain words what a figure of speech is telling you.
Similes Read a comparison made with like or as.
Metaphors Read a comparison that says one thing IS another.
Personification Spot something not human doing something only people do.
Idioms Learn set phrases whose meaning the words do not give you.
Story Basics: Character, Setting & Events · 2 topics
Who the Story Is About Name the characters in a story and say what one of them is like.
How a Character Feels Name a feeling a story shows through what a character does.
Retelling, Sequence & Summary · 6 topics
Who the Story Is About Name the character a story follows.
First, Next, and Last Say what happened first, what came in between, and what came last.
Putting the Whole Story in Order Arrange all the events of a story from beginning to end.
Finding the Problem Name what goes wrong in a story.
Finding the Solution Say how a story's problem gets resolved.
Summarizing a Story Retell a story keeping only what matters.
Theme, Lesson & Central Message · 4 topics
Topic or Theme? Tell the subject of a story apart from what the story says about it.
What a Character Learns Find the theme by watching what a character understands at the end that they did not understand at the start.
The Evidence for a Theme Point to the detail that actually supports a theme, not just a true detail.
Themes Nobody Writes Down Work out a theme from an ending, a silence, or a word the writer chose.
Point of View, Narrator & Perspective · 5 topics
Who Is Telling This Find the teller of a text before deciding what the text means.
How Much the Teller Knows Work out how far a teller can see, and what is therefore missing.
What the Teller Cannot See Assemble what a text shows but its teller has not noticed.
What a Person Makes of It Separate what happened from what a person in the text made of it.
Words That Give a View Away Notice the single words that carry a teller's attitude.
Poetry & Drama · 6 topics
Lines, Stanzas and Where a Poem Breaks Read a poem's shape on the page as part of what it means.
Rhyme, Rhyme Scheme and Poems Without Either Hear rhyme, name the pattern it makes, and read a poem that has none.
Repetition, Alliteration and the Sound of a Line Notice what a poem's sounds are doing besides rhyming.
The Picture a Poem Puts in Your Head Read the sensory pictures a poem or a stage sets, and say what they do.
Figures of Speech Inside a Poem Read similes, metaphors and personification where poems pack them tightest.
Who Is Talking in a Poem Identify the voice speaking a poem, and what that voice reveals.
Main Idea & Supporting Details · 5 topics
Topic or Main Idea? Tell what a text is about from what it says about it.
Finding the Main Idea Say in one sentence what a whole text is telling you.
Main Ideas That Are Not Written Down Work out the main idea when no sentence states it.
Details That Back It Up Find the fact in a text that supports a particular idea.
Telling a Detail from the Main Idea Spot the sentence that is only a detail.
Author's Purpose & Point of View · 7 topics
Why the Author Wrote It Name what a text was built to do, not just what it is about.
The Evidence for a Purpose Point to the move in the text that proves what the writer wanted.
Who It Was Written For Work out the reader a text was aimed at, and how you can tell.
The Author's Point of View Say what the writer thinks about the subject, even when no opinion is stated.
Words That Take a Side Notice how a writer's wording steers what a reader concludes.
Facts, Judgments, and Honest Uncertainty Sort what can be checked from what is argued, and spot a writer naming their own limits.
Two Writers, One Subject Compare two texts on one subject and find the exact point where they part.
Inference, Evidence & Summarizing · 6 topics
Stated or Implied? Tell what a text says outright from what it only lets you conclude.
What One Detail Tells You Draw the conclusion a single detail supports, and stop there.
The Line That Proves It Given a claim, find the sentence in the text that actually supports it.
Putting Two Details Together Reach a conclusion that no single sentence in the text states.
Which Evidence Is Strongest Choose between two relevant details by asking which one settles it.
Inference or Guess? Spot the step that goes past what the text can carry.
Reading in Social Studies: American History (2-4) · 3 topics
The Main Idea of a History Text Find what a history passage is really about.
Evidence in a History Text Point to the detail that actually proves a claim.
Whose Story Is Being Told Notice whose point of view a history text takes, and who is missing.
Nouns & Verbs · 4 topics
What a Noun Is Name the words that stand for a person, place, or thing.
What a Verb Is Name the words that tell what someone does.
Finding the Verb in a Sentence Pick out the verb inside a whole sentence.
Finding Both Parts Pick out the noun and the verb in the same sentence.
Sentence Types, Fragments & Run-Ons · 4 topics
Spotting a Fragment Tell when a group of words stops before it is a sentence.
Spotting a Run-On Notice when two sentences have been jammed into one.
Three Ways to Fix a Run-On Repair a run-on, and choose the repair that fits the meaning.
Joining Two Sentences Combine short sentences with the joining word the meaning needs.
Conjunctions, Prepositions & Complex Sentences · 6 topics
Clause, or Just a Phrase? Tell an independent clause, a dependent clause, and a phrase apart.
All Seven Coordinating Conjunctions Choose among the seven - and, but, or, so, for, nor, and yet - by what each one claims.
The Comma Before a Joining Word When a joining word holds two halves together, the comma goes in only if a whole sentence follows it.
Subordinating Conjunctions Use because, although, unless, until, and their kin to say how two ideas relate.
Where the Comma Goes in a Complex Sentence Comma after a leading dependent clause, none after a trailing one.
Simple, Compound, Complex Name the structure of any sentence by counting its clauses.
Writing Strong Sentences · 3 topics
Knowing When You Have a Sentence Tell a finished sentence from a piece of one.
Joining Two Sentences Put two related sentences together without making a run-on.
Choosing the Right Joining Word Pick the joining word that states the real relationship.

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